Abstract: in Yonghe nine years, Wang Xizhi created a famous poem "preface of Lanting" which is widely praised for ages. In addition, the world was handed down by the participants in the forty-one Lanting poems and a preface to sun. Li Wentian, a Qing Dynasty, thinks that the description of Linhe, quoted in the new language of Shi Shuo, is the main body, while the later generations added and modified the preface of Lanting. The editing order of the anthology of Lanting in Tang Dynasty is re - examined. It can be seen that the Linhe Xu is actually an excerpt of the preface of Lanting.
In the late spring, the Chinese ancient people had a ritual of removing the ominous water by the river, cleaning the body with water, and letting the disaster and disease go with the water. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the "Shangsi Festival" was gradually fixed at the beginning of March every year. On the day of the ninth year of Yonghe (ad. 353), Wang Xizhi and xie'an set up their poems in Lanting, and the rivers flowed and the poems were filled with love and were chanted. After the sound of wine and hearing, the people intend to gather the poems and push Wang Xizhi as the order. Mr. Youjun is very happy to write, and he is very fluent and has the help of God. His calligraphy and prose are excellent. He left a famous calligraphy and prose collection preface of Lanting for later generations.
On the day of Yaji, there were not only the preface made by Wang Xizhi, but also 41 poems of Lanting and one by sun Chuxu by the participants. After careful study and sorting out these poems and articles, we find that they are highly consistent with Wang Xizhi's preface to Lanting in terms of thought and content.
1. The main body of the preface of Lanting and the description of Linhe River
Liu Xiao's annotation of Shi Shuo Xinyu Qixian leads Wang Xizhi to describe the river, from "Yonghe nine years" to "enough to narrate the feelings of the past", which is not quite different from the preface of Lanting; Later, 26 people, such as sun Cheng Gong, Sima Taiyuan, the right general, were recorded, and the poems were left, and the former 15 people, such as Yuyao, ordered Xie Sheng of Huiji to give poems, and three fights for the free wine were not available. Li Wentian, a Qing Dynasty, thus identified Linhe Xu as the earliest text of the preface of Lanting, which should be the text. Moreover, more words were added later than that of Linhe Xu, which was not written by Wang Xizhi. In the 1960s, Mr. Guo Moruo, on the basis of Li Wentian's questioning, thought that the text and calligraphy of the biography of the preface to Lanting were not written by Wang Xizhi, which caused a wave of "identification of Lanting theory", and many people supported Guo Lao's theory. This kind of statement ignores the words "Wang Youjun gets the preface of Jin Gu" in the preface of Lanting collection, while it seems inappropriate to replace the preface of Lanting collection with the name of "Linhe Xu". Mr. zhouruchang thinks that "the description of Linhe" is not the name of the article, but "when it comes to the river, it is said that yunyun is the one who is ready to write and narrates‘ Linhe is a common language in ancient times. This is a very sensible statement, should be true. Mr. Zhou cited several examples, the historical records of Confucius family: "sighing on the river"《 Lizi Tang asked, "the river holding rod of the minister"; Cao Zhi "nest father praise": "wash ear on the river." Then, the literature is examined and several similar expressions are added: Li Ling's "three with Su Wu" the second: "Linhe Zhuo Changying, the mind son is sad and leisurely." "Four hours of cloud and dusk, wandering on the river," Lu Yun "the Fu of cold cicadas" "The outstanding enterprise Yingyang, the river thinking of washing ears." The compilation of "Lanting poetry" in Tang Dynasty
The collection of poems in Lanting, which is recorded by Tang people and can be seen today, mainly includes the following three versions:
（1） "Huairen collection of words". It is preserved in the book Lanting examination of sangshichang in Song Dynasty. According to the "shanghuairen collection of Hongfu temple, sang wrote the book of the right army of Jin king" and compiled and recorded the personnel and poems involved in the cultivation of the Han Dynasty. The total number of 42 people and 37 poems were "made by the ruling" ， In addition to the preface to Lanting, other works are excerpts, not the whole. The general arrangement order is:
1. the order of Wang Xi (preface of Lanting Collection);
2. according to the order of people in the "list description", the four words and five word poems are recorded;
3. sun Chuo later.
（2） "Liu book", namely "the poetry of Lanting, a Book of liugongquan in Tang Dynasty". In 1799, Emperor Qianlong carved the calligraphy and calligraphy calligraphy of the preface of Lanting in the inner government on eight stone pillars, namely "eight posts of Lanting": one is that Yu Shinan copied the preface of Lanting; Second, Chu suiliang copied the preface of Lanting; Third, Feng chengsu imitates the preface of Lanting; Fourth, Liu Gongquan's calligraphy of "Lan Ting poetry"; Fifth, the original of liugongquan book "Lan Ting poem" was carved in the play Hongtang; Sixth, the painting of liugongquan's "Lan Ting poem" was carved in Hongtang, the supplement of the opera in Min Zhong; The seventh is the book "Lan Ting poetry" by dongqichang; Eighth, Emperor Qianlong came to dongqichang to write liugongquan "Lan Ting poetry"“ Liu book is not only ranked fourth, but the following four posts are related to it. Thus, the status of "Liu book" in Qing Dynasty was prominent. Mr. xubangda examined that he was not a writer of liugongquan, but also confirmed that "generally, it is not yet away from the general style of Tang Dynasty", "it should be copied by ordinary book makers in the prosperous Tang and middle Tang Dynasties" ， It is similar to the life time of liugongquan. Therefore, the value of the literature can not be underestimated.
Liu book has 14 poems with four words and 23 poems with five words, 37 in total. It is the same as Huairen collection of characters, which is an excerpt. The first way is: "Wang Xizhi, a four character poem, is the order, and the order is in the generation, so it is not recorded. His poems and articles can not be fully contained. Today, they are also the meaning of the ancient people's breaking chapters The order and the arrangement of poems are different from those of Huairen collection
1. the four words of Wang Xizhi's poem preface, namely "preface to Lanting".
2. the four words poems are recorded in the order of people in the "list".
3. the preface of sun Chuo's five words. This preface is also called the preface of "Lanting poetry" on March 3, which was first recorded in volume 4 of "gathering of Arts and arts"《 The book of primary learning is called "Sun Chuo's preface to poetry"“ Liu book also makes a poem preface. All the above three documents are preface, not post order.
4. according to the order of people in the "list description", the five words poems are recorded.
（3） Lu Shu "Lan Ting poem", namely, five poems of Wang Xizhi, a Book of Lu Cambodia. What we see today is not the whole picture of Lu Shu, but the incomplete volume. Even so, there are four more poems recorded in Wang Xizhi than those of "Huairen collection of characters" and "Liu books". Therefore, Mr. lichanglu thinks that "according to the existing" Lan Ting poem ", Xizi himself has four words and five five words Can we speculate that there is a whole collection of "Lanting poetry" in Tang Dynasty? Therefore, as far as the existing literature is concerned, there are 42 people in Lanting Yaji, who have written 41 poems.
The editing order of the three Anthology of Lanting
By combing the collection of poems of Lanting, it is estimated that the order and arrangement of the complete notes of the anthology of "Lanting poetry" or "Wang Xizhi" can be roughly inferred as follows:
1. the four words of Wang Xizhi's poem preface, namely "preface to Lanting".
2. list the persons who are in the description. The main contents are: official number, name, word, age, place of origin, etc. For example, Shi Chong "the preface of the Golden Valley poetry" said: "all 30 people, Wu Wang Shi, nianlang, guanzhonghou, Shiping Su Shao word Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi, fifty years, the first." Moreover, Liu Xiao annotated the book of Jin Gu poem in the new language of Shi Shuo and Rongzhi, saying, "the word" Wang Xu "is Ji Yin and Langya people." 《 "It is said that the official number, name and age of the person listed in the time are listed, and then the poem is written." Mr. zhouruchang also takes guanghongming collection as an example. His volume 20, the preface of the combination of magic and treasure, includes 38 people, such as "making general Pingxi, Jingzhou assassin, King Yi in East Hunan, and writing in the world sincere in the year 27". The arrangement order and content are basically the same as the preface of Jin Gu poetry. It shows that the format of "column description" is not very different at that time.
"This kind of" listing "is actually connected with the Collected Poems (this is the subject). Strictly speaking, it is not a part of the preface." preface is a literary creation work, and "listing" is just a kind of bookkeeping slightly like the document nature. Generally, it is sufficient to appoint the assistant to record the book after the event That is true.
3. edit the description《 Liu Xiao in Shi Shuo Xinyu quoted 40 characters, such as "Lin He Xu", "right general Sima Taiyuan sun Cheng Gong and other 26 people", yunyun and other 40 words, which are not the content of "listing", but rather explains the situation of poem making by all. Yan Kejun compiled the whole Jin literature, including the preface of Lanting and the description of Linhe. In the case after "the description of Linhe", the case said: "this is different from the script, and the last paragraph of many chapters covers Liu xiaobiao from the excerpts of this collection. Because of the world's familiar experience in the preface of Lanting, don't write this. " Such explanations are often used in ancient cultural concentration. The first chapter of the University of Zhuxi's four book collection of chapters and sentences is followed by the note: "the right Scripture chapter covers the Confucius' words, which has been described in the sub chapters. The ten chapters of the biography were the meaning of Zeng Zi and recorded by the gatekeeper. The old book is quite wrong and simple. Now, it is decided by Cheng Zi. But the Scriptures are examined. Don't order them as left. " 4. four words and poems are recorded in the order of the personnel listed.
5. the preface of sun Chuo's five words.
6. the five words poems are recorded according to the order of the personnel listed.
The four words poetry, the order is in the front, the five word poem, the order is in the later, should be related to the people's literary concept in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the sound of Yazheng first pushed four words. Liu Xie said: "if four words of Ruofu are in the right form, then ya run is the basis; Five words of the stream, then Qingli lived in the Zong "; "Although poetry is based on emotion, it is the festival of Chengsheng. However, the rhyme of elegant sound is positive in four words, while the rest is provided with twists and turns, not the sound of the right; Five words "to advocate music in wandering harmony and use it more". Wang Xizhi is the master of Yaji, and sun Chuo is his long history. His reputation is higher than that of sun Chuo. The two men make preface to four words and five character poems one before and after the other, which is of course. Sun Chuo, who is the preface of five character poems, should be related to his literary achievements. This biography contains his "less literary talent, and more than the title of literati in the time.". The death of the Duke Wen, Wang, Xi and Yu must be nicknamed as inscriptions, and then the stone Yan is published. From this point of view, Liu book should be closer to the original appearance of the book of LAN Ting or the book of Wang Xizhi than the book of Huairen, and it can also be confirmed that Lin He Xu is from the excerpts of the preface of Lanting.
(author department professor of Henan University)
